THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQ)

1. What is the cell wall? Ans :- The cell wall is a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane in plant cells. 2. What...

11. What is cytoplasm? Ans :- The cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside a cell that fills the space between the pl...

21. What are the two types of ER? Ans :- The two types are rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER). 22. Why does rough ER...

31. What is the purpose of meiosis? Ans :- Meiosis creates gametes (sperm and eggs) for reproduction. 32. How many c...

41. Give example of working of chromoplasts. Ans :- Spinach is green because it has chloroplasts. Papaya is yellow,...

51. Where are genes located in the cell? Ans :- Genes are located in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. 52...

61. What is plasma membrane made up of? Ans :- Plasma membrane is made up of proteins and lipids. 62. What did Robe...

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (SAQ)

1. What happens to chloroplasts when a Rhoeo leaf is boiled? Ans :- When a Rhoeo leaf is boiled, the heat kills the c...

2. What is the role of the nucleus in a cell? Ans :- The nucleus controls all cell activities, including growth and r...

3. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ? Ans :- Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nuclear membrane and have...

4. What is chromatin and what happens to it during cell division? Ans :- Chromatin is a loose form of DNA present whe...

5. What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell? Ans :- The cytoplasm acts as a medium where cell organelles are suspended...

6. How does the cytoplasm differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Ans :- In prokaryotic cells, the cytoplasm lack...

7. What role do organelles play in eukaryotic cells? Ans :- Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic c...

8. How are organelles similar to organs in the body? Ans :- Just like organs such as the heart or liver perform speci...

9. How does fungi and bacteria can withstand much greater changes in the surrounding medium than animal cells? Ans :-...

10. What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum, and what are their functions? Ans :- The two types are rough end...

11. Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life? Ans :- All living things are made of cells,...

12. How does the endoplasmic reticulum contribute to the cell's function? Ans :- The endoplasmic reticulum acts as a...

13. What is a prokaryotic cell? Ans :- A prokaryotic cell is one that doesn't have a clear nuclear area or a nuclear...

14. What are the two types of plastids, and what are their main functions? Ans :- The two types of plastids are chlor...

15. Why are lysosomes called suicidal bags? Ans :- Lysosomes are organelles that contain special enzymes for digesti...

16. Who discovered cells, and how? Ans :- Robert Hooke, an English scientist, found cells in 1665. He looked at a th...

17. What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells? Ans :- The cell wall provides structural support, protecting th...

18. How does plasmolysis occur, and what does it indicate about a cell's condition? Ans :- Plasmolysis happens when a...

19. Name the cell organelles that have their own DNA and ribosomes. Name the autonomous organelles in the cell. Ans :-...

20. When we put raisins in water, why do they swell? Ans :- Raisins are dry and have little water inside. When they...

21. Why does mitochondria have largely folded inner membrane? Ans :- Mitochondria are where cellular respiration hap...

22. Which cell organelle is known as the ‘suicidal bags’ of a cell? Ans :- Why? Ans :- Lysosomes are called the "s...

23. What is nucleoid? Ans :- In some cells, the nuclear area is not well defined because there is no nuclear membra...

24. What are ribosomes? Where are they located in the cell? What is their function? Ans :- Ribosomes are small, roun...

25. Do vacuoles store some material? Ans :- If yes, name them. Yes, vacuoles also store some important substances re...

26. How do chloroplasts contribute to a plant's color and function? Ans :- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which gi...

27. What happens during mitosis? Ans :- During mitosis, a mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. E...

28. Why are lysosomes known as suicide bags? Ans :- Lysosomes are small parts inside cells that have digestive enzym...

29. How does meiosis differ from mitosis? Ans :- Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, producing four cells i...

30. Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane? Ans :- The plasma membrane is a special laye...

31. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Ans :- Why? Ans :- The mitochondria, often called the...

32. State two conditions required for osmosis. Ans :- (i) The difference in the concentration of water, one should h...

33. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus? Ans :- The Golgi apparatus is responsib...

34. If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen? Ans :-...

35. What is the function of vacuoles? Ans :- Vacuoles are storage sacs that hold solid or liquid materials. In plant...

36. Why are plasma membrane called selectively permeable membrane? Ans :- The plasma membrane lets some materials en...

37. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down? Ans :- When a cell's outer layer, called the p...

38. Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised? Ans :- There are two types of e...

39. What is endocytosis? Ans :- The flexibility of the cell membrane lets the cell take in food and other materials...

40. What is the function of vacuoles? Ans :- Vacuoles are storage sacs for solids or liquids. In plant cells, they h...

41. How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell? Ans :- Discuss. The exchange of gases CO2 and...

42. What is plasmolysis? Ans :- When a living plant cell loses water due to osmosis, the cell’s contents shrink and...

43. What is the Junction of plastids? Ans :- Plastids are found only in plant cells and come in two types: chromopla...

44. What are genes? Ans :- A gene is a piece of DNA. Genes are arranged in a straight line on chromosomes. Each gene...

45. What is the function of nucleus in a cell? Ans :- The nucleus is crucial for cell reproduction. It helps a singl...

46. What is the difference in chromatin, chromosomes and gene? Ans :- i. Chromatin: It is a fine network of thread-li...

47. Explain the following terms: (a) Plasma membrane (b) Cytoplasm (c) Nucleus. Ans :- (a) Plasma membrane: The plas...

48. What are chromosomes? Ans :- What are they made of? Ans :- The small, rod-shaped structures inside the nucleu...

49. Why do plant cells have more in number and big-sized vacuoles as compared to the animal cells? Ans :- Plant cell...

50. What is membrane biogenesis? Ans :- The endoplasmic reticulum helps make proteins and fats (lipids) that are imp...

51. What is osmosis? Ans :- This takes place from high water concentration to low water concentration. Osmosis is...

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (LAQ)

1. What is the structure and function of the nucleus in a cell, and how does it differ between prokaryotic and eukaryoti...

2. What are cell organelles, and why are they important for eukaryotic cells? Ans :- Cell organelles are specialized...

3. (a) Name the organelle which provides turgidity and rigidity to the plant cell. Name any two substances which are pre...

4. Explain the structure and function of the cell wall in plant cells. How does it differ from the plasma membrane? Ans...

5. (i) Name the organelle which provides turgidity and rigidity to the plant cell. Name any two substances which are pre...

6. Explain the following terms : (a) Plasma membrane, (b) Cytoplasm, (c) Nucleus. Ans :- (a) Plasma membrane: It is...

7. Describe the role played by the lysosomes. Why are these termed as suicidal bags? Ans :- How do they perform their...

9. What types of enzymes are present in the lysosomes? Ans :- What is their function? Ans :- Which organelle membr...

11. Write a note on the structure of cell. Ans :- (a) The cell is the basic unit of all living things. It is covered...

13. How do lysosomes perform their function? Ans :- ❑ Functions of lysosomes: (i) Digestion outside the cell: So...

14. What would happen if when we put an animal cell into a solution of sugar or salt in water? Ans :- The following t...

NCERT SOLUTION

1. Who discovered cells and how? Ans :- Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 whe...

2. Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life? Ans :- The cell is called...

Page No. 53 1. How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss....

Page No. 55 1. Fill in the gaps in the following table illustrating differences between pro...

Page No. 57 1. Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genet...

Page No. 59 1. Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from...

2. How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell? Ans :- The following are the differences b...

3. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down? Ans :- If the plasma membra...

4. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus? Ans :- If there was no Golgi...

5. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why Ans :- The mitochondrion is known as the...

6. Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesized? Ans :- The...

7. How does an Amoeba obtain its food? Ans :- An Amoeba obtains its food through a process called endocy...

8. What is osmosis? Ans :- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to...

9. Carry out the following osmosis experimentTake four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cu...

10. Which type of cell division is required for the growth and the repair of the body and which type is involved in...

SUMMARY

Introduction Cells are the most basic units of life, making up all living organisms. They are called the structural and...

What Are Living Organisms Made Up Of? All living things, like plants, animals, and humans, are made up of tiny building...

What is a Cell Made Up Of? A cell is made up of different parts, each with its own job. These parts are called organell...

What is the Plasma Membrane? The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the thin outer layer that surrounds...

What is the Cell Wall? The cell wall is an extra layer that surrounds the plasma membrane in plant cells. It is a rigid...

Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell, managing all its activities. It is surrounded by a double-layered...

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside a cell, found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It fi...

Cell Organelles Every cell has a protective membrane that keeps its contents separate from the outside environment. In l...

I. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs found...

Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus, discovered by Camillo Golgi, is made up of flattened sacs called cisterns, which ar...

Lysosomes Lysosomes are like the cell's waste disposal system. They are small, membrane-bound structures filled with pow...

Mitochondria Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce energy. ❑ Structure o...

Plastids Plastids are special structures found only in plant cells. They play important roles in the functions and color...

Vacuoles Vacuoles are like storage sacs within cells, used to hold various substances. In animal cells, vacuoles are gen...

Cell Division Cell division is the process by which new cells are formed. There are two main types of cell division: mit...

Key Points About Cells 1. Cell Basics: Cells are the basic units of life. Every living thing is made up of cells. 2....